Abstract
The combined effects of surface rotation and using binary nanoparticles on the phase change process in a 3D complex-shaped vented cavity with ventilation ports were studied during nanofluid convection. The geometry was a double T-shaped rotating vented cavity, while hybrid nanofluid contained binary Ag–MgO nano-sized particles. One of the novelties of the study was that a vented cavity was first used with the phase change–packed bed (PC–PB) system during nanofluid convection. The PC–PB system contained a spherical-shaped, encapsulated PCM paraffin wax. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method was used as the solution method. The computations were carried out for varying values of the Reynolds numbers (100≤Re≤500), rotational Reynolds numbers (100≤Rew≤500), size of the ports (0.1L1≤di≤0.5L1), length of the PC–PB system (0.4L1≤L0≤L1), and location of the PC–PB (0≤yp≤0.25H). In the heat transfer fluid, the nanoparticle solid volume fraction amount was taken between 0 and 0.02%. When the fluid stream (Re) and surface rotational speed increased, the phase change process became fast. Effects of surface rotation became effective for lower values of Re while at Re = 100 and Re = 500; full phase transition time (tp) was reduced by about 39.8% and 24.5%. The port size and nanoparticle addition in the base fluid had positive impacts on the phase transition, while 34.8% reduction in tp was obtained at the largest port size, though this amount was only 9.5%, with the highest nanoparticle volume fraction. The length and vertical location of the PC–PB system have impacts on the phase transition dynamics. The reduction and increment amount in the value of tp with varying location and length of the PC–PB zone became 20% and 58%. As convection in cavities with ventilation ports are relevant in many thermal energy systems, the outcomes of this study will be helpful for the initial design and optimization of many PCM-embedded systems encountered in solar power, thermal management, refrigeration, and many other systems.
Highlights
Thermal management with phase change material (PCM) is important to consider in diverse, energy-related technologies, such as solar power, refrigeration, energy storage, electronic cooling, waste heat recovery, and many others [1,2,3,4]
Non-equilibrium heat transfer is taken into account where different temperatures for fluid and solid phases in the PCM-packed bed region were utilized in a complex geometry, by using finite element method
These results reveal that the present code was capable of capturing the effects of convective heat transfer (HT), with ventilation ports and phase change process dynamics, in the cavity
Summary
Thermal management with phase change material (PCM) is important to consider in diverse, energy-related technologies, such as solar power, refrigeration, energy storage, electronic cooling, waste heat recovery, and many others [1,2,3,4]. The PCM–PB system is utilized with nanofluids, and Ph-C process dynamics are numerically analyzed for a complex-shaped vented cavity having one inlet and outlet port. Non-equilibrium heat transfer is taken into account where different temperatures for fluid and solid phases in the PCM-packed bed region were utilized in a complex geometry, by using finite element method. Owing to many use of vented cavities in diverse energy system technologies, and considering many energy-related products with embedded PCMs, the outcomes of this study will be helpful in the design and product development of similar systems encountered in solar power, cooling applications, heat exchanger design, and many other systems
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