Abstract
The effect of surface anisotropy and vacancies upon the ground magnetic state of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is discussed. Our study is based on a random site-diluted classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor interactions, surface and core anisotropies, and a Monte Carlo–Metropolis approach with simulated annealing for energy minimization. Results reveal severe variations with respect to a single domain phenomenology and wider ranges of metastability resembling a multi-valley energy landscape as vacancies are considered and surface anisotropy increases.
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