Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with polyunsaturated oil on lipid and mineral blood biomarkers in two different groups of horses. Was used 6 healthy horses in maintenance (MT-g) and 10 healthy horses in marcha gait training (GT-g). The MT-g and the GT-g received 100mL and 300mL/day/animal of combination of polyunsaturated oils, respectively, during 8 weeks. Blood was collected in pre-test and after 4 and 8 weeks, after overnight fasting and it was measured: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, NEFA, LPS, glycerol, Ca, P, Mg, and Cl. The supplementation produced significant increase in NEFA and reduction in lipase in both groups. In addition, the LPS content in both groups had a large decrease (~35%) from the pre-test to the 8th week of supplementation. In the MT-g, the LDL cholesterol and glycerol increased significantly after 4 weeks but returned to the pre-test levels after 8 weeks, and the triglyceride content decreased (~62%) after 4 weeks. The total cholesterol concentration in the GT-g increased after 4 weeks (~70%), but after 8 weeks it decreased to levels similar to those observed in the pre-test. The mineral biomarkers increased in the MT-g and GT-g, after 8 weeks. In the MT-g and in the GT-g, Ca decreased. In conclusion, supplementation with a combination of polyunsaturated oils increased NEFA concentration and reduced LPS activity in both groups, unlike the concentrations of the other biomarkers that showed different variations between groups, indicating that both NEFA and LPS the changes in their concentrations during supplementation may be more sensitive and more indicated for these types of evaluation. In addition, some blood mineral concentrations reduced significantly in both groups of horses, and thus, they need to be evaluated in horses under chronic oil supplementation
Highlights
Many researchers analyzed the effects of fat supplementation in horses under different management and exercise systems, principally because nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and other lipids are important as an energetic metabolite to the aerobic exercise[1,2]
It was shown that chronic fat supplementation, with saturated or unsaturated vegetable oils produced an equivalent increase in NEFA and vitamin E concentration[1,3], because both type of oil follow similar pathway during their metabolism in horses
The results of the lipid biomarker showed that supplementation with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E produced significant increase in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and reduction of the lipase (LPS) concentrations in both groups (Table 2)
Summary
Many researchers analyzed the effects of fat supplementation in horses under different management and exercise systems, principally because nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and other lipids are important as an energetic metabolite to the aerobic exercise[1,2]. Other studies have shown that horses were well adapted to a supplementation with one type of fat or a combination of two or more types[1,2,6], contributing with new products’ development for equine industry. Because these finds, researchers are investigating supplementations with different types of fat and/or fat combination in order to understand the effects of this nutritional program in horses. Supplementation with fish or corn oil, it was showed that fish oil decreases triglyceride concentration and changes the fatty acid
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