Abstract
The effects of the sulfide treatment of indium tin oxide (ITO) on the efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) were investigated in this study. We found that an increase in the work function of ITO and a decrease in the number of oxygen vacancies (VO) near the ITO surface region (due to the occupation of VO by sulfur) result in an increase in device efficiency. It is worth noting that a suitable sulfide treatment time is an important issue for producing high-external-quantum-efficiency PLEDs.
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