Effects of substrate crystallographic orientations on crystal growth and microstructure development in laser surface-melted superalloy single crystals. Mathematical modeling of single-crystal growth in a melt pool (Part II)

Abstract

The mathematical model developed for single-crystalline solidification in laser surface melting (LSM) described in Part I [Acta Mater 2004;52:4833–4847] was used to compute the dendrite growth pattern and velocity distribution in the 3D melt pool for various substrate orientations. LSM experiments with single-crystal nickel-base superalloys were conducted for different orientations to verify the computational results. Results show that the substrate orientation has a predominant effect on crystal growth pattern, and simultaneously influences the magnitude and distribution of dendrite growth velocity in the melt pool. The selected 〈1 0 0〉 growth variants and the number of the chosen growth variants are dependent on the substrate orientation. The maximum velocity ratio (dendrite growth velocity over the beam velocity, V/ V b) in the melt pool is a function of melt-pool geometrical parameters and the substrate orientation. The largest maximum velocity-ratio among the symmetric orientations is 1.414 for the (0 0 1)/[1 1 0] and ( 0 1 1 ) / [ 0 1 1 ¯ ] orientations, while that value for asymmetric orientations is 1.732 for the ( 0 1 1 ) / [ 1 1 1 ¯ ] orientation. Good agreement was obtained between the predicted and experimentally observed microstructures. The results are discussed with the susceptibility to stray grain formation as a function of substrate orientations and melt-pool geometrical parameters. These findings have some important implications for single-crystal surface processing.