Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate is an endocrine disruptor used in a wide range of industrial and agriculture applications. The present study focuses on elucidating the effect of subacute exposure (4-weeks) of DBP on insulin and its sensitivity indexes, oxidative status, thyroid function, energy metabolites, serum biochemistry, and anthropometry in rats. A total of 64 rats were divided into 4 treatment groups as mg DBP/Kg body weight per day: (a) 0 mg/Kg (control), (b) 10 mg/Kg (DBP-10), (c) 50 mg/Kg (DBP-50), and (d) 100 mg/Kg (DBP-100). The rats in each treatment (n = 16) were further divided into male (n = 8) and female (n = 8) rats for studying treatment and gender interactions. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed on the 21st day. Anthropometry, nutritional determinants, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), thyroid hormones, energy metabolites, and oxidative status were studied during the experimental period. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data (p < 0.05). Tukey's posthoc test was used for pair-wise comparisons. DBP increased body weight gain and feed efficiency in an inverted nonmonotonic U-shaped fashion. Hyperglycemia and increased blood glucose area under the curve were observed in DBP-100 at 120 minutes in IPGTT. The HOMA also showed a linear monotonic contrast. Thyroxin decreased significantly in the DBP-100 rats, whereas malondialdehyde, nonesterified fatty acids, and beta hydroxyl butyrate were increased with the DBP treatments. In conclusion, DBP could be attributed to the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in rats. Further investigations into the lipid peroxidation pathways can improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in metabolic disruption.
Highlights
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a potent endocrine disruptor (ED) that can interfere with the homeostatic mechanisms of natural hormones
Body weight gain was affected in a U-shaped nonmonotonic response with an increase in DBP-10 compared with the control group (p = 0:02)
U-shaped nonmonotonic trends were observed for thoracic circumference (p = 0:06), abdominal circumference (p = 0:08), and body length (p = 0:08) with an increase in DBP-10 compared with the control rats
Summary
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a potent endocrine disruptor (ED) that can interfere with the homeostatic mechanisms of natural hormones. It is widely used in various everyday commercial products like cosmetics, varnishes, adhesives, plastic food wraps, inks, lacquers, and pharmaceuticals. Because of this extensive use, “One Health” is constantly exposed to the ill effects of DBP. DBP belongs to phthalates that have the potential to interact with nuclear receptors PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) [6], the natural ligands of which are fatty acids and eicosanoids [7].
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