Abstract
Breast cancer appears as the main gynecological cancer and presents high morbidity and mortality. Because most diagnoses are made belatedly, it is necessary to seek therapeutic options that aim for advanced stages of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the antitumoral action of Stryphnodendron adstringens fruit extracts on 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell culture. The inhibitory potential of S. adstringens fruit extract on the metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 was evaluated through zymography. From these results, MTT assays were performed to evaluate the extracts’ effects on the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 line cell viability. From the crude extract, the following extracts were obtained: hydroalcoholic (SAFCEA), hexane (SAFCEB), chloroform (SAFCEC), and ethyl acetate (SAFCED). Lastly, the migration of the cells treated with extracts SAFCEA and SAFCED was verified. The hydroalcoholic extract (SAFCEA) was the most efficient in inhibiting gelatinases. During the phytochemical study, it was noted that alkaloids were present in all partitions. The 50 % growth inhibition (IC50) concentrations found were: 40.1 μg/mL (SAFCEA) and 70.14 μg/mL (SAFCED). After the cellular cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology was altered by treatment with the selected partitions (SAFCEA and SAFCED), obtaining morphology consistent with apoptosis. The results demonstrate that S. adstringens extracts exhibit the inhibitory activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as cytotoxicity toward 4T1 tumor cells. These findings indicate that follow-up studies of the partitions from S. adstringens may lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutics for oncological treatments.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, presenting elevated morbidity and mortality rates due to its potential to spread into distant organs such as bone, lungs, liver, and the brain
A complex process called Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates the last step, which involves changes in the cellular morphology, loss, and remodeling of Effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts on murine 4T1 tumor line adhesion molecules with other cells and with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and gaining the capacity to invade and migrate (Sleeman et al 2012)
Between the S. adstringens fruit crude extract (SAFCE) partitions showed that the hydroalcoholic (SAFCEA) was the most effective in inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 (97.7 %) and MMP- 9 (86.9 %) (Figure 2)
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, presenting elevated morbidity and mortality rates due to its potential to spread into distant organs such as bone, lungs, liver, and the brain. A complex process called Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) regulates the last step, which involves changes in the cellular morphology, loss, and remodeling of Effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts on murine 4T1 tumor line adhesion molecules with other cells and with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and gaining the capacity to invade and migrate (Sleeman et al 2012). In this setting, an overexpressed class of enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), stands out. It may be possible to inhibit metastasis by blocking the expression and activity of the MMPs (Cathcart et al 2015)
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