Abstract
Present study is designed to investigate the effects of stress management training by using cognitive be- havioral method on anxiety and depression among parents of children with mental retardation. This study is a quasi-experiment that designed as pretest and post-test with control group. The statistical population of study included all parents with mental retarded children from city of Babol in 2011-2012. Sample population was including 40 parents that were selected cluster sampling and allocated in experimental and control groups (20 parents for experimental group and 20 for control group). The experimental group trained during 10 sessions of stress management with method of cognitive-behavioral, whereas during this period the control group did not received any intervention. Both groups in pre-test and post-test assessed by using anxiety and depression scale and results were analyzed by using independent t-test. The results of t-test showed that there were no significant differences between two groups in pre-test, but stress man- agement training with method of cognitive-behavioral in experimental group were significantly reduced scores of anxiety and depression. The results of this study showed that stress management by using cogni- tive-behavioral method decreases depression and anxiety scores compared with the control group. Due to psychological problems of parents with mental retarded children, cognitive-behavioral stress management training program can be used as intervention method to reduce anxiety and depression in order to decrease vulnerability.
Highlights
During the last two decades movements of institutions has been changed focusing of primary care from psychiatry hospitals into community mental health centers, and because of budget, resources and facility limitations, families of patients had to take responsibilities such as being practical assistance or emotional supports (Gutierrez-Maldonado et al, 2005)
Issue of mental retardation in children is very serious because family with mental retarded children have problems in parental system, marital relationships, sibling relationships, even it affects their external system such as friend, family, neighbors, school and will cause more pressure within the system, at this point emotional state and physiological thoughts become abnormal leads to vulnerability in cognitive activities which outcome of these behavioral problems will bring out depression and anxiety (Hernandez, 2005)
In order to determine the effect of cognitive behavioral stress management training in the both experimental and control groups, first scores on the variable of depression and anxiety in the pre-test and post-test was calculated
Summary
During the last two decades movements of institutions has been changed focusing of primary care from psychiatry hospitals into community mental health centers, and because of budget, resources and facility limitations, families of patients had to take responsibilities such as being practical assistance or emotional supports (Gutierrez-Maldonado et al, 2005). Issue of mental retardation in children is very serious because family with mental retarded children have problems in parental system, marital relationships, sibling relationships, even it affects their external system such as friend, family, neighbors, school and will cause more pressure within the system, at this point emotional state and physiological thoughts become abnormal leads to vulnerability in cognitive activities which outcome of these behavioral problems will bring out depression and anxiety (Hernandez, 2005) Regarding to this issue, Goffman (1963) believes that experiences of stigma affect people who carrying stigmatized traits, and will expand to those have directly relationship with people who carry negative attributions. Affiliates could internalize their stigma and affect their life, so they might face with contagious stigma which is complex phenomenon (Gray, 1993; Green, 2003)
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