Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate color, gloss, or roughness of splint materials after storage in liquids and toothbrush simulation.Materials and methodsA total of 58 × 8 (n = 10 per material and group) specimens were fabricated (hand-cast, thermoforming, CAD/CAM-milled, 3D-printed materials); stored in air, water, coffee, red wine, and cleaning tablets; and investigated after fabrication, 24 h, two-, and four-week storage or toothbrushing. Color values (L*, a*, b*; ISO 11664–4:2008; CM–3500d, Konica-Minolta), gloss (ISO 2813:2014), and roughness values were determined (3D laser-scanning-microscope, KJ 3D, Keyence) before and after simulation or storage. Statistics: Levene-test, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, between-subjects effects, Pearson correlation (α = 0.05).ResultsColor, gloss, and roughness altered due to contact with staining solutions/toothbrush simulation. Highest impact on color, gloss, and roughness presented the material followed by storage time (ΔE material (η2 = 0.239/p < 0.001), storage time (η2 = 0.179/p < 0.001); gloss (η2 = 0.751/p < 0.001) (η2 = 0.401/p < 0.001); Ra/Rz (η2 ≥ 0.801/p < 0.001) (η2 ≥ 0.416/p < 0.001)). Correlations were found between Rz and Ra (Pearson 0.887/p ≤ 0.001) or Rz and ΔE (0.517/p ≤ 0.001) or Ra and ΔE (0.460/p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionsStorage and toothbrushing were accompanied by a change in color, gloss, and roughness. Almost all materials showed visible discoloration after 4 weeks of storage. Gloss values decreased as storage time increased. The initial roughness and polishability were better with harder materials.Clinical relevance.Milled and 3D printed splints show good color, gloss, and roughness resistance after 4-week storage or toothbrush application.
Highlights
Splints are an effective therapeutic treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) [1]
Many studies have shown that the contact of resins with various staining liquids such as coffee, red wine, and mouthwashes leads to color changes [21,22,23]
No significant differences were found after different storage times (Anova, p ≥ 0.190; Bonferroni, p ≥ 0.329)
Summary
Splints are an effective therapeutic treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) [1]. It is state of the art to fabricate splints on gypsum models either by applying methacrylate in the sprinkle-on technique or by vacuum thermoforming [5]. Both techniques can be combined by adjusting the occlusal. Basic esthetic requirements include color stability and surface gloss [19]. The gloss of the splint depends on the surface roughness and the polish. The surface roughness plays an important role in the color behavior and gloss of the resins [29, 30], as well as in the accumulation of plaque and discoloring particles [31, 32]. Roughening caused by toothbrush can alter gloss and affect color stability [31, 33, 34]
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