Effects of stocking density on water quality, survival, blood parameters and growth performance of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) in the biofloc system

Abstract

Biofloc technology (BFT) may be a promising alternative for production of juvenile matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) as it allows greater fish productivity compared to ponds and is considered an economic and environmentally sustainable system. This study evaluated the effects of different stocking densities on water quality, survival, blood parameters and growth performance of juvenile matrinxã in the biofloc system. Juveniles of 5.89 ± 0.11 g were randomly distributed in five stocking densities (50, 140, 230, 320 and 410 fish ∙ m−3), in triplicate, in a BFT system. Extruded commercial feed (36% crude protein) was offered until apparent satiety four times per day for 61 days. In general, the increase in stocking density resulted in a reduction in dissolved oxygen, pH and alkalinity. Although nitrogenous compounds, total suspended solids, settleable solids and turbidity were greater in higher stocking densities, the water quality parameters were within the recommended range for matrinxã in all treatments. The stocking density had a quadratic effect on the variables specific growth rate, daily weight gain and mean final body weight. For the final stocking density and feed conversion ratio, the effect of stocking density was positive and linear. Survival rates were over 90% at stocking densities >230 fish ∙ m−3. We found a lower concentration of erythrocytes in juvenile matrinxã at the lowest stocking density (50 fish ∙ m−3) and the lymphocyte concentration was higher in the fish kept at 140 fish ∙ m−3 compared to those kept at 410 fish ∙ m−3; however, there was no difference among the other treatments. In conclusion, juvenile matrinxã can be efficiently produced using BFT at stocking densities of 291–293 fish ∙ m−3 or 13.50–13.60 kg ∙ m−3. Although the increase in stocking density is favorable for increasing the biomass and survival of matrinxã, an intensive management of solids and nitrate, as well as alkalinity corrections, are necessary to ensure proper functioning of the production and to avoid mortality of fish due inadequate water quality.