Abstract

為研究甜菊萃取液對草蝦Grass Prawn, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius)幼蝦的生長、非特異性免疫反應及抗病性的影響,針對草蝦之幼蝦(均重0.76克)和半成年蝦(均重14.7克)分別進行兩項實驗。30尾幼蝦及15尾半成年蝦分別養於200L玻璃纖維養殖槽內各4個月和1個月。實驗組以加有不同濃度(1, 2, 4, 8%)的甜菊萃取液的飼料餵養。對照組則以未加添加劑的商業用飼料飼養。幼蝦組每隔15天(自第45天)記錄體重。非特異性免疫參數(總血球數,酚氧化,呼吸爆,超氧化物歧化酶活性)在試驗結束時加以收集分析。半成年蝦則以細菌性病原Vibrio harveyi進行免疫感染試驗。 結果顯示,添加甜菊萃取液的飼料對於草蝦的生長無顯著作用。但添加4%和8%的甜菊萃取液飼養的蝦總血球數明顯高於對照組及添加1%和2%甜菊萃取液飼養組。血細胞呼吸釋放活性的觀測也得到相似的結果。酚氧化酶活性在以2%-8%甜菊萃取液添加組觀察到明顯升高。而1%甜菊萃取液添加組則未觀察到與對照組之間有明顯區別。超氧化物歧化酶活性在最高濃度甜菊萃取液(8%)添加組未觀察到與對照組有明顯區別。在免疫感染試驗中以8%甜菊萃取液飼養組觀察到能完全保護(零死亡率之效果),而以4%甜菊萃取液飼養組死亡率為30%,而在對照組中觀察到最高死亡率(60%)。這一結果顯示甜菊萃取液以4%以上的濃度添加飼料中,可用作草蝦的免疫刺激劑。

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