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Abstract
The effect of stenting on blood flow is investigated using a model of the coronary artery network. The parameters in a generic non-linear pressure–radius relationship are varied in the stented region to model the increase in stiffness of the vessel due to the presence of the stent. A computationally efficient form of the Navier–Stokes equation is solved using a Lax–Wendroff finite difference method. Pressure, vessel radius and flow velocity are computed along the vessel segments. Results show negative pressure gradients at the ends of the stent and increased velocity through the middle of the stented region. Changes in local flow patterns and vessel wall stresses due to the presence of the stent have been shown to be important in restenosis of vessels. Local and global pressure gradients affect local flow patterns and vessel wall stresses, and therefore may be an important factor associated with restenosis. The model presented in this study can be easily extended to solve flows for stented vessels in a full, anatomically realistic coronary network. The framework to allow for the effects of the deformation of the myocardium on the coronary network is also in place.
Highlights
Stents are metallic mesh tubes that are inserted into arteries to keep them open
Once the stent is at the blockage site, the balloon is inflated and the stent is deployed to keep the artery open
Some of the stenosis locations that are targeted for stent implantation are in the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary and circumflex arteries (Wentzel et al 2000; Capozzolo et al 2001; Hsieh et al 2001; LaDisa et al 2003; Zhu et al 2003)
Summary
Stents are metallic mesh tubes that are inserted into arteries to keep them open. A stent is generally placed in an occluded artery (such as coronary arteries) following a balloon angioplasty ( known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty). Once the stent is at the blockage site, the balloon is inflated and the stent is deployed to keep the artery open. Some of the stenosis locations that are targeted for stent implantation (and used in many modelling studies) are in the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary and circumflex arteries (Wentzel et al 2000; Capozzolo et al 2001; Hsieh et al 2001; LaDisa et al 2003; Zhu et al 2003). Other studies have presented experimental results and models of flow and flow–tissue interactions in the local stented region of arteries
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