Effects of statins in primary and secondary prevention for venous thromboembolism events: A meta analysis

Abstract

ObjectiveThe associations between statins use and incidence or recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are controversial. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to reconcile the conflicting results. MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for studies published from database inception until May 31, 2021. Cohort studies and Randomized Controlled Trials that reported incidence or recurrence of VTE using statins compared with placebo or non-statins were included for meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 43 studies comprising over 8.6 million participants were included for analysis. The median follow-up duration was 38.1 months. Compared with no statins treatment, statins appeared to have a protective effect in primary prevention of VTE (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72–0.85), but significant heterogeneity was found among included studies (I2 = 81%). Statins was also associated with a 26% reduced risk of recurrent VTE (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70–0.78), even in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.92). In patients with a history of VTE, statins was associated with a reduced risk of bleeding and all cause mortality. The NNT of statins to prevent one case of VTE in the cancer population, and one case of recurrent VTE in patients with a history of VTE was 103.1 and 90.7 person-years respectively. ConclusionIn high-risk patients, statins treatment may reduce the incidence of VTE. Statins can also reduce the risk of recurrent VTE and all-cause mortality in patients with a history of VTE.