Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic alterations are among the majors public health concern that have been reported in people living with HIV infections. Factors contributing to cardio metabolic syndrome in HIV include body fat distribution, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction and inflammation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation versus local diet on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients.MethodsA prospective single-blind, randomized, multicentre study was conducted from February 2010 to December 2012. A total of 320 HIV antiretroviral-naïve patients were screened and 169 were recruited in this study. Patients were randomized and received either Spirulina supplementation combined with local diet (n = 82) or local diet only (n = 87). Age, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, CD4 count, and local food intake variables were assessed on three separate occasions (three, six and twelve months).ResultsAn average age of the patients was 35.6 ± 9 years. The majority of participants were female 67.1%. Regarding the lipid profile, there is a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in the group of patients who consumed Spirulina platensis. A change in the atherogenic index defined by the ratio CT/HDL-C substitutable by LDL-C/HDL-C and the TC/HDL decreased significantly from 10.83 at baseline to 2.22 after 12 months (p = 0.21 and p <0.0001) in the patients taking Spirulina.ConclusionsNutritional supplementation with Spirulina combined with a quantitative and qualitative balanced diet for at least six months can retard an exposition to lipid abnormalities in HIV–infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Further studies are recommended on a large group of people not infected with HIV and exposed to cardiovascular risk factors.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic alterations are among the majors public health concern that have been reported in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections
The results showed the increase of protein intake and the decrease of the cholesterol level with significant difference during the last 6 months of the study to the group of population who add S. platensis to their local diet
The results showed that the concentration of TG, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly decreased in the spirulina group (Spi) group while those of the control group increased (Table 4)
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic alterations are among the majors public health concern that have been reported in people living with HIV infections. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteriaceae) supplementation versus local diet on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) traditional risk factors contribute to elevate the risk [1]. Studies showed that the incidence of the CHD risk of HIV-infected patient varied from different countries [2]. Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population [3] and have been identified as a major cause of death in people with HIV/AID [9]
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