Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) meal on the growth performance and meat characteristics of geese. The SMC extracts contained 2.49±0.62 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (DW) and 1.08±0.15 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW of the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. A total of 120 White Roman geese, aged five weeks, were randomly distributed among 12 pens and fed a grower diet ad libitum during the growing period, with each pen containing five males and five females in a completely randomized design. Each treatment comprised three pens (total of 30 geese), including control (corn-soybean meal); supplementation with 5% SMC meal (5% SMC); supplementation with 10% SMC (10% SMC); and supplementation with 15% SMC (15% SMC), for eight weeks. The results revealed that the body weight of the 15% SMC group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the age of 12 weeks. There were no significant effects among the groups on feed conversion ratio or intake. The malondialdehyde content of the serum in the 15% SMC group was lower than that of the control group at week 12. There were no significant effects among the groups for blood biochemical parameters in grower geese at week 12. The color values of meats in the SMC groups were higher than those obtained with control group. The flavor and acceptability score of meats in the 5% SMC group were significantly higher than for the 15% SMC and control group. Supplementation with SMC at 5% in the diet has no adverse effects on the growth performance of grower geese. However, SMC meal at 5% in the diet favorably affects sensory attributes (meat flavor and acceptability).
Highlights
The cost of raw materials for poultry feeding has significantly increased annually
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) meal on the growth performance and meat characteristics of geese
The results revealed that the body weight of the 15% SMC group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the age of 12 weeks
Summary
The cost of raw materials for poultry feeding has significantly increased annually. finding alternative feeds has become an important task of the feed/food industry. When the mushroom fruiting bodies mature and are ready for sale, the spent mushroom compost (SMC) is available as a by-product/waste (Herrero-Hernández et al, 2011; Tajbakhsh et al, 2008) At this stage, the compost is known as “spent mushroom compost” (SMC), and it has nutritional components (Mullen and McMahon, 2001): approximately 73.6% neutral detergent fiber, 55.0% acid detergent fiber, 8.1% crude protein, 2.1% ether extract, 9.8% non-fibrous carbohydrate, and 6.4% crude ash (Kim et al, 2007). The compost is known as “spent mushroom compost” (SMC), and it has nutritional components (Mullen and McMahon, 2001): approximately 73.6% neutral detergent fiber, 55.0% acid detergent fiber, 8.1% crude protein, 2.1% ether extract, 9.8% non-fibrous carbohydrate, and 6.4% crude ash (Kim et al, 2007) Based on this composition, SMC has potential as a feed resource for livestock. Growing Hanwoo steers were supplemented with 50% of the microbially-fermented spent mushroom substrates of the ad libitum group, which resulted in a tendency of increased live weight gain from 8 to 12%, as compared with the control group (Kim et al, 2012). Suwandyastuti and Bata (2012) indicated that spent mushroom rice straw compost could replace 75% fresh
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