Abstract
Summary The effects of speaking order and speaker gaze level on interpersonal gaze were investigated in two experiments involving male undergraduates. In Experiment 1 (N = 42), speaking order was manipulated by having Ss, meeting in groups of three, speak about themselves in a specified order. As hypothesized, the S who spoke second directed more gaze at the group member who spoke first than at the member who had not spoken. Experiment 2 (N = 40) involved the manipulation of both speaking order and speaker gaze level. The procedure was similar to that of Experiment 1, except that an S interacted with two confederates, one of whom, as the first speaker, directed either a high, medium, or low level of gaze at the S. The effect of speaking order found in Experiment 1 was replicated. However, there was no support for the hypothesis that the confederate's gaze level would be reciprocated by the S both as he listened to the confederate and as he spoke. Also, both experiments revealed that duration and mean duration of gaze were greater while a person listened than while he spoke, whereas the frequency of gaze remained the same.
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