Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. Recently, various dietary interventions have been used extensively as a novel therapy against PCOS. In the present study, we show that soy isoflavone metabolites and resistant starch, together with gut microbiota modulations, were successful in decreasing the severity of PCOS-like reproductive features while increasing the expression of gut barrier markers and butyric acid in the gut. In the letrozole-induced PCOS model rats, the intake of both 0.05% soy isoflavones and 11% resistant starch, even with letrozole treatment, reduced the severity of menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovaries with a high concentration of soy isoflavones and equol in plasma. Antibiotic cocktail treatment suppressed soy isoflavone metabolism in the gut and showed no considerable effects on reducing the PCOS-like symptoms. The mRNA expression level of occludin significantly increased with soy isoflavone and resistant starch combined treatment. Bacterial genera such as Blautia, Dorea and Clostridium were positively correlated with menstrual irregularity under resistant starch intake. Moreover, the concentration of butyric acid was elevated by resistant starch intake. In conclusion, we propose that both dietary interventions and gut microbiota modulations could be effectively used in reducing the severity of PCOS reproductive features.
Highlights
One of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Our results revealed that the equol level was high in the LSR group compared to the LS group, and equol was not detected in the LSA group
PCOS animal model weights, organ weights and serum metabolic parameters
Summary
One of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). According to the Rotterdam consensus criteria, which is one of the main diagnostic criteria guidelines used worldwide, PCOS diagnosis should include two of the following three characteristics: clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism, oligo-and/or anovulation and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound [1]. PCOS has been found to alter the lipid profiles in non-obese pregnant women, which may cause frequent adverse pregnancy outcomes [7]. The occurrence of PCOS is enhanced due to various lifestyle, occupational and environmental factors [8,11,12]. Several approaches, such as lifestyle modifications (diet and exercises), insulin-sensitizer therapy, direct hormonal treatments such as contraceptive pills, ovulation induction therapy, etc. Several approaches, such as lifestyle modifications (diet and exercises), insulin-sensitizer therapy, direct hormonal treatments such as contraceptive pills, ovulation induction therapy, etc. are currently being used to treat PCOS [13]
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