Abstract
Bran extracts (70% aqueous acetone) of specialty sorghum varieties (tannin, black, and black with tannin) were used to investigate the effects of sorghum phenolic compounds on starch digestibility, Estimated Glycemic Index (EGI), and Resistant Starch (RS) of porridges made with normal corn starch, enzyme resistant high amylose corn starch, and ground whole sorghum flours. Porridges were cooked with bran extracts in a Rapid Visco-analyser (RVA). The cooking trials indicated that bran extracts of phenolic-rich sorghum varieties significantly reduced EGI, and increased RS contents of porridges. Thus, there could be potential health benefits associated with the incorporation of phenolic-rich sorghum bran extracts into foods to slow starch digestion and increase RS content.
Highlights
Obesity and diabetes are among the most important medical problems in the World [1]
The extract from white sorghum bran did not reduce starch digestibility or Estimated Glycemic Index (EGI), and did not increase Resistant Starch (RS) content, which may be due to the low level of phenols and lack of detectable tannins in this material
Similar to what has been shown previously [28,29,30,31,32], our results suggest that polyphenols in the sorghum bran extracts limit enzyme activity, and leads to decreased starch digestibility, EGI, and increased RS contents of the porridges
Summary
Obesity and diabetes are among the most important medical problems in the World [1]. Readily digestible carbohydrates lead to rapidly elevated blood glucose levels and insulin secretion, both of which contribute to the health complications caused by diabetes. RS is the sum of any starch and starch degradation products not absorbed in the small intestine, because RS escapes digestion; it contributes to the fermentable carbohydrates entering the colon and provides a source of nutrients for colonic bacteria [6]. As these microorganisms metabolize the carbohydrate material via fermentation, the colonic pH is lowered and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are released. RS may reduce the risk for colon cancer, obesity, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease [1,7,8]
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