Abstract
Essential oils are typically hydrophobic liquid mixture of natural products containingoil, volatile, and aromatic compounds extracted from plant species. This experiment was used microwave hydro distillation as extraction method to obtain the essential oils due to its efficiency. The purpose of both treatments used to increase total yield of essential oil from red guava leaves. Completely randomized design was used as experimental design with two variables and run in triplicate. The first variable is solvent to feed ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1) and the second variable is microwave power (300W and 450W). The results showed that the ratio of solvent to feed (7:1) and microwave power (450W) has the highest yield and best quality of essential oils. The best variable has some parameters, particularly yield of 1.24%, refractive index of 1.49, and density of 0.78 g/ml. Analysis of essential oil profile has some abundance compounds, namely naphtalene or β-seline at 24.45%, neointermedeol at 17.97%, and caryophyllene at 16.04%. Moreover, the IC50 value has an antioxidant activity of 41.95 ppm.
Highlights
Indonesia has a diversity of biological natural resources that has the potential to produce essential oils
Instruments Some of devices to extract the essential oil from red guava leaves were handgloves, mask, cabinet dryer, knife, scissors, microwave Electrolux EMM2308X, clevenger, pump, condenser, hose, and reflux
This was influenced by differences value in solvent to feed ratio, so the higher solvent volume was able to soak the whole leaves are a caused evaporate the essential oils from red guava leaves in maximum level
Summary
Indonesia has a diversity of biological natural resources that has the potential to produce essential oils. Essential oils are mixture oil products including volatile compounds and specific fragrance aroma [1]. Indonesia produces approximately 40-50 types of essential oil which producing plants that are traded in the world. Essential oil which is producing plants are as diverse as patchouli, cloves, lemongrass, fragrant root, orange peel, agarwood, moringa leaves, and others. Chemical compounds and their derivatives have biological and physical functions such as antibacterial, insect repellent, and antioxidant ability. Essential oils are widely used throughout the world as antimicrobial agents and food additives in the aroma sector [3]
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