Abstract
The solar invasion to an Earth observation sensor will cause potential damage to the sensor and reduce the accuracy of the measurements. This paper investigates the effects of solar invasion on the Moon-based Earth observation sensors. Different from the space-borne platform, a Moon-based sensor can be equipped anywhere on the near-side of the Moon, and this makes it possible to reduce solar invasion effects by selecting suitable regions to equip sensors. In this paper, methods for calculating the duration of the Sun entering of the sensor’s field of view (FOV) and the solar invasion radiation at the entrance pupil of the sensor are proposed. By deducing the expressions of the proposed geometrical relationship between the Sun, Earth, and Moon-based platform, it has been found that the key parameter to the effects of solar invasion is the angle between the Sun direction and the line-of-sight vector. Based on this parameter, both the duration and radiation can be calculated. In addition, an evaluation approach based on the mean value and standard deviation has been established to compare the variation of solar invasion radiation at different positions on the lunar surface. The results show that the duration is almost the same wherever the sensor is placed in the permanent Earth-observation region. Further, by comparing the variation of solar invasion radiation at different positions on the near-side of the Moon, we suggest that equipping sensors on the mid–high latitude regions within the permanent Earth-observation region will result in less solar invasion affects.
Highlights
With the development of space science and technology, Earth observation systems have been established gradually [1,2]
For the case of the same threshold, the lower minimum value in each oscillation period led to a longer solar invasion dRuemraotieoSnen.sA. 2c0c19o,r1d1i,nxgFOtoR tPhEeEsReRcEhVaIrEaWcteristics, we found that the solar invasion duration was sub1je0cotfto17 the size of the field of view (FOV) and the minimum value of each period together
The geometric description of solar invasion was established based on the theoretical geometric model of the Moon-based Earth observations
Summary
With the development of space science and technology, Earth observation systems have been established gradually [1,2]. The Moon, as the only natural satellite of the Earth, has gained great interest as a potential Earth observation platform [3,4,5,6]. Forty-one-years later, in 2013, an extreme ultraviolet camera (EUVC) onboard the Chang’E-3 (CE-3) lander observed the Earth’s plasmasphere from the lunar surface [9]. Many countries and organizations have initiated programs to set up a base on the Moon, which includes establishing an Earth observation platform [10]. Equipping sensors on the lunar surface can be used to monitor the Earth-space environment, the dynamics of solid Earth, the Earth’s radiation budget at the top of atmosphere, and other issues of large-scale phenomena of the Earth. A Moon-based Earth observation platform could be complementary to the existing Earth observation systems
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