Effects of soap-water wash on human epidermal penetration.

Abstract

There was a mistake in the Fig. 3 caption (p. 1000) and figure citations in the third paragraph of the Results section (pp. 999–1000) of “Effects of soap–water wash on human epidermal penetration” (Zhu et al., 2016). The corrected Fig. 3 caption is as follows: Figure 3. Epidermal penetration curves of hydroquinone compared for soap–water wash at 30 min postexposure (n = 8) and non-wash (n = 4). Note that the penetration rate of non-wash group continuously increased during 90 min experiment, the soap–water wash group showed decreased penetration rate after washing at 30 min postdosing. The corrected figure citations are as follows: Figures 1–3 shows penetration fluxes of benzoic acid, paraoxon and hydroquinone, respectively. Non-wash groups of benzoic acid and paraoxon reached constant penetration rates after 30 min exposure (Figs. 1 and 2). Without surface wash, the penetration rate of hydroquinone continuously increased until the end of the experiment (Fig. 3). Before decontamination, the soap–water wash group and nonwash group of the same chemical showed similar penetration curves. As a soap–water wash was applied 30 min postexposure, the penetration rate of hydroquinone gradually decreased and reached a significant lower level compared to its non-wash group 50 min postdosing (20 min post-decontamination; Fig. 3). The increased percentage dose of benzoic acid in receptor fluid was determined 30–60 min postdosing (0–30 min post-decontamination); 30 min after decontamination (60 min postdosing), less penetration was observed in the soap–water wash group compared to the nonwash group (Fig. 1). The “wash-in” peak for benzoic acid resulted in no significant difference in the total penetration amount of benzoic acid at the experiment end (Table 1). The penetration curve of paraoxon was accelerated by soap–water wash during the 90 min experimental period (Fig. 2) resulting in a significant higher total amount penetrated in receptor fluid compared to non-wash samples (Table 1). A limited level of clonidine (0.2%) penetrated through human epidermis in 90 min, and the skin wash at 30 min showed no effect on penetration flux (figure not shown).