Effects of sintering conditions on mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed tungsten heavy alloys

Abstract

The effects of sintering conditions on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of mechanically alloyed tungsten heavy alloys were investigated. W, Ni and Fe powders were mechanically alloyed in a tumbler ball mill at a milling speed of 75 rpm, ball-to-powder ratio of 20∶1 and ball filling ratio of 15%. The mechanically alloyed powders were compacted and solid-state sintered at a temperature of 1300°C for 1 hour in a hydrogen atmosphere. The solid-state sintered tungsten heavy alloy was subsequently liquid-phase sintered at 1470°C with varying sintering times from 4 min to 90 min. The solid-state sintered tungsten heavy alloy showed fine tungsten particles of 3 μm in diameter and high relative density above 99%. The volume fraction of the W-Ni-Fe matrix phase was measured, as 11% and tungsten/tungsten contiguity was 0.74 in solid-state sintered tungsten heavy alloys. Mechanically alloyed and two-step sintered tungsten heavy alloys showed tungsten particles of 6–15 μm and a volume fraction of the W-Ni-Fe matrix phase of 16% and tungsten/tungsten contiguity of 0.40. The solid-state sintered tungsten heavy alloy exhibited a yield strength of about 1100 MPa due to its finer tungsten particles, while it showed low elongation and impact energy due to its large tungsten/tungsten contiguity. The yield strength of two-step sintered tungsten heavy alloys increased with the decreasing of tungsten particle size and volume fraction of the W-Ni-Fe matrix.