Effects of single intravenously administered doses of omeprazole and ranitidine on intragastric pH and plasma gastrin concentration in nonfed ponies

Abstract

Summary We investigated the effects of a range of iv administered doses of omeprazole (0.125 to 2.0 mg/kg of body weight) on gastric pH (monitored by indwelling electrode) and plasma gastrin concentration, compared with those of iv administered ranitidine (1.0 mg/kg) in 4 Welsh mountain-type ponies. Pharmacokinetic variables of iv administered omeprazole also were examined. Episodes of high gastric pH in the basal state obscured the effect of acid suppression on intragastric pH; however, omeprazole induced dose-dependent increase in mean gastric pH (P < 0.01) during the 11 hours after its administration. In the presence of acid-suppressant treatment, plasma gastrin concentration correlated significantly with gastrie pH (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.445, P < 0.01), whereas basal pH and plasma gastrin concentration were not correlated. The effect was not great, and a dose-dependency was not found. Intravenously administered omeprazole was subject to two-compartment pharmacokinetics, and there was evidence for saturable steps in the redistribution and elimination phases. Dosage of 0.25 mg/kg induced approximately half-maximal inhibition of basal gastric pH in these ponies and was associated with area under the concentration vs time curve of 0.7 μmol·h/L, which corresponds reasonably with results of other species. Omeprazole may represent a useful alternative acid-suppressant agent in horses, but further work is required to relate the dose-dependent effects found in this study to well-defined targets of acid suppression in clinical cases.