Abstract
Gastric acid exposure produces tooth structure demineralization and dental ceramic degradation. The most affected patients are those who suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease, bulimia nervosa, and pregnant women with prolonged severe nausea. In order to protect this kind of patient, the purpose of this study was to determine whether simulated gastric acid exposure leads to microstructural changes in surface topography, hardness, color changes, and translucency of some ceramic materials, which are already on the market. Forty disks (Triluxe Forte, Cerasmart, Enamic and Empress CAD) were analyzed before and after immersion in simulated gastric acid juice, in terms of microhardness, surface roughness, translucency, and surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. Color change was assessed by using a spectrophotometer based on CIELab parameters and the results showed that, after exposure, ∆Eab remained under the threshold of acceptability and perceptibility. In terms of microhardness, Cerasmart is the only material that did not undergo changes after immersion. SEM images illustrated observable changes surface topography after acid exposure for all the tested materials. In conclusion, Triluxe Forte suffered the most important changes after simulated gastric acid juice exposure, and Cerasmart proved to be the least affected material.
Highlights
The evolution of dentistry has advanced and will continue to advance through the appearance of intelligent materials on the market, designed to contribute to oral health care and, to the improvement of quality of life
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Based on the results of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that there is an increasing need in manufacturing of improve restorative materials, which comply with the special needs of patients with medical problems, such as gastroesophageal reflux, bulimia, or prolonged severe nausea episodes during pregnancy
Summary
The evolution of dentistry has advanced and will continue to advance through the appearance of intelligent materials on the market, designed to contribute to oral health care and, to the improvement of quality of life. While most studies have reported extensive details on the positive characteristics of these materials [16,17,18,19,20,21,22], few studies have investigated the surface behavior of these materials in contact with endogenous (salivary enzymes, gastric juice) or exogenous (acidic beverages) substances. These acidic elements have been correlated with severe dental structure degradation and restoration, most probably due to their acidic pH [23,24]. Even the case of pregnant women with prolonged severe nausea episodes during pregnancy can face the issue gastric juices [23]
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