Abstract
The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the silicified fertilization of the seeds microbiolization with B. methylotrophicus in the control of leaf spot caused by C. lunata and in the factors of rice production. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, with five doses of silicon (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 t ha 1) and microbiolized and non-microbiolized seeds, with five repetitions. The leaf spot was evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation of the pathogen, considering total number of leaves, number of healthy and diseased leaves per vase, percentage of diseased leaves, size of lesion and control. The photosynthetic rates and chlorophyll indexes in rice leaves were also measured before and after inoculation of the pathogen. At the end of the crop cycle, the size and number of panicles per pot, the grains number, the number of full grains and pips per panicle and the dry plant mass were evaluated. There was an effect of the doses of agrosilicon in the control of leaf spot and in the reduction of the number and percentage of diseased leaves. However, no effect of seed microbiolization was observed on leaf spot control as well as rice production factors.
Highlights
The present research sought to evaluate the effect of silicate fertilization associated with the seeds microbiolization with B. methylotrophicus isolates in the control of leaf spot caused by C. lunata, as well as on rice production components
There was no significant interaction between bacterial microbiolization of seeds and silicon doses on the number of leaves per pot (L/pot, P = 0.1063), number of healthy leaves per pot. (HL/pot, P = 0.2553), percentage of diseased leaves per pot (DL/pot, P = 0.8324), lesion size (LZ = 0.7107), percentage of leaf spot control (LSC, P = 0, P = 0.1563), chlorophyll index before and after of pathogen inoculation (CIB, P = 0,2378, CIA, P = 0.0855), photosynthetic rate before and after of pathogen inoculation (PRB, P = 0.8434, PRA, P = 0.0687), panicle size (PZ, P = 0.2204), number of full and empyt grains per panicle (Num FG, P = 0.2026; Num EG, P = 0.1221)
There was an effect of agrosilicon doses on the control of leaf spot caused by C. lunata, adjusted to the decreasing quadratic regression (Ŷ=18,618512+41,975545X5,298501* X2; R2= 0,71), there was a reduction of 5.29 in the disease control percentage for each ton of applied agroforestry, respectively
Summary
These fungi, which belong to the family Dematiaceae, are considered mitosporic. The occurrence of the Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn. Meyerno fungus in rice is associated with the grain spot. There are few reports of the occurrence of leaf spot caused by this genus, the first report of leaf spots caused by C. lunata in rice was carried out in Punjab, Pakistan (Majeed et al, 2016). At Maranhao there is no official survey on the damages of this disease in the rice field crop. Due to the climatic conditions of Maranhão, there is a predominance of C. lunata causing leaf spot (Silva et al, 2014)
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