Abstract
BackgroundResearch elucidating the metabolic mechanisms that differentiate subtypes of obesity has been increasing. We aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week dietary intervention on the metabolomic profiles of obese subjects.MethodsSubjects followed a 12-week dietary restriction protocol consisting of a 300 kcal/day reduction in their usual caloric intake. Twenty-nine obese subjects were included and divided into two groups: the metabolic status maintenance group (n = 17, controls) and the metabolic status improvement group (n = 12, tests). We analyzed the somatometric and biochemical parameters and performed ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the plasma metabolites.ResultsAt 12 weeks, the fat percentage, whole fat area (WFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) at the L1 vertebra, and the levels of triglycerides, gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), and leptin were markedly decreased in the metabolic status improvement group, while the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased compared with that in the metabolic status maintenance group. Metabolomic profiling at 12 weeks showed substantial differences in 4-aminobutyraldehyde (p = 0.005) and 4’-apo-β-carotenal (p = 0.024) between the two groups. Furthermore, an AUC value of 0.89 was obtained for the following seven featured biomarkers: triglycerides, gamma-GT, leptin, fat percentage, WFA, and SFA at the L1 vertebra, and 4-aminobutyraldehyde.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that 4-aminobutyraldehyde and related regional fat distribution parameters were strongly associated with obesity according to metabolic status. Thus, these biomarkers are potentially valuable in confirming the efficacy of short-term interventions and predicting metabolic status in obese individuals.Trials registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT03135132 (registered 1 May 2017—retrospectively registered).
Highlights
Research elucidating the metabolic mechanisms that differentiate subtypes of obesity has been increasing
We evaluated the associations of the VFA, the subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and adipokines with distinct plasma metabolites in obese subjects stratified according to their metabolic status
The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and computed tomography (CT) measurements, the fat percentage, whole fat area (WFA) at the L1 vertebra, and SFA at the L1 vertebra, showed significant decreases in the metabolic status improvement group compared to the metabolic status maintenance group at 12 weeks
Summary
Research elucidating the metabolic mechanisms that differentiate subtypes of obesity has been increasing. We aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week dietary intervention on the metabolomic profiles of obese subjects. [1, 2]; a significant amount of attention has been directed at elucidating the regulatory mechanisms that differentiate the subtypes of obesity. A broad metabolomics approach was used to investigate differences among individuals with MUO and MHO and healthy lean controls with regard to the metabolic profile of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [3]. Several cross-sectional case–control studies involving obese individuals have been conducted, the effects of dietary interventions on the metabolomics profile of obesity have not been thoroughly studied far
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