Effects of sex-sorting and sperm dosage on conception rates of Holstein heifers: Is comparable fertility of sex-sorted and conventional semen plausible?

Abstract

The conception rates of Holstein heifers after AI with 2.1 or 10 × 106 sperm dosages of sex-sorted or conventionally processed sperm were compared. Ejaculates collected by artificial vagina from 8 Holstein sires were cryopreserved at either 2.1 or 10 × 106 sperm per dose with or without sorting to 90% purity for X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa using flow cytometry. All treatments were processed in an egg-yolk (20%), TRIS, glycerol (7%) extender and packaged in color-coded 0.25-mL French straws. Straws (n=350 straws/treatment per sire) were packaged and distributed in aliquots of 12 (3 straws of each treatment) to 51 herds of Holstein heifers. Straw color was recorded in the on-farm record keeping system at the time of AI and retrieved by electronic download. In total, 9,172 services were recovered, providing a mean sample size of 287±3.5 services/sperm dose per semen type within sire (range: 248 to 318). Conception rates were influenced by the main effects of herd, sire, semen type, sperm dosage, and service number. The herd by sperm dosage interaction was the only interaction determined to be significant and implies that some herds (technicians) are more proficient than others at maintaining high levels of conception with decreased sperm dosages. Across herds and sires, the conception rates of each semen type by sperm dosage combination were as follows: 2.1 × 106 sex-sorted, 38%, n=2,319; 10 × 106 sex-sorted, 44%, n=2,279; 2.1 × 106 conventional, 55%, n=2,282; and 10 × 106 conventional, 60%, n=2,292. The observation that conception rates of sex-sorted semen were improved by the 10 × 106 sperm dosage is encouraging toward the prospectus of development of a commercially available sex-sorted product with improved conception potential over existing technology. However, the failure of the 10 × 106 sex-sorted sperm dosage to achieve conception rates comparable to either dosage of conventional semen is somewhat discouraging toward the plausibility of comparable conception rates to conventional semen in the absence of major technological advances in efficiency of sperm sorting or cryopreservation.