Abstract
BackgroundNumerous studies have reported on the health benefits of sesamin, a major lignin found in sesame (S. indicum) seeds. Recently, sesamin was shown to have the ability to promote chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis in normal human chondrocytes. This study assesses the anti-inflammatory effect of sesamin on proteoglycans production in 3D chondrocyte cultures.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of sesamin on IL-1β-treated human articular chondrocytes (HAC) pellets, the pellets were pre-treated with IL-1β then cultured in the presence of various concentrations of sesamin for 21 days. During that period, the expression of IL-1β, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content and Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) synthesis genes (ACAN, XT-1, XT-2, CHSY1 and ChPF) was measured. The GAGs accumulation in the extracellular matrix was determined on day 21 by histological analysis.ResultsThere was clear evidence that sesamin upregulated expression of all the CSPGs synthesis genes, in contrast to the down-regulation of IL-1β expression both in genes and in protein levels. The level of release and matrix accumulation of GAGs in IL-1β pre-treated HAC pellets in the presence of sesamin was recovered. These results correlate with the histological examination which showed that sesamin enhanced matrix CSPGs accumulation.ConclusionsSesamin enhances CSPGs synthesis, suppresses IL-1β expression and ameliorates IL-1β induced inflammation in human chondrocytes. Sesamin could have therapeutic benefits for treating inflammation in osteoarthritis.
Highlights
Numerous studies have reported on the health benefits of sesamin, a major lignin found in sesame (S. indicum) seeds
The effect of IL-1β on anabolic and catabolic gene expression To investigate chondrocyte metabolic alterations of IL1β on anabolic and catabolic gene expression, human articular chondrocytes (HAC) pellets were pre-treated with various concentrations of IL-1β (0-10 ng/ml) for 3 days and cultured in IL-1β-free medium for a further 21 days
The level of anabolic (ACAN) and catabolic (MMP-13, ADAMTs4) mRNA were measured by Real-Time RT-PCR at days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after 3 days of IL-1β pre-treatment
Summary
Numerous studies have reported on the health benefits of sesamin, a major lignin found in sesame (S. indicum) seeds. The disease occurs worldwide, usually in the elderly, where it results in an especially high economic burden. This disease causes movement to be painful, reducing quality of life and increasing the risk of other diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. An increase of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin1β (IL-1β), is found in chondrocytes as well as synoviocytes of OA patients. These in turn decrease proteoglycans production and collagen synthesis while increasing catabolic factors including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and other inflammatory mediators such as IL-8, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis which promote OA [2]. NSAIDS are used mainly as medication for OA treatment, but they have many adverse effects and the therapeutic mechanism of NSAIDS is not directed to the underlying
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