Effects of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Supplementation on Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Aerobic Capacity in Semi-Professional Soccer Players.

Carlos V Da Silva Barbosa,Plínio Delatorre,Whyara K A Da Costa,Marciane Magnani,Ayice C Silva,Rhayane Carvalho,Alexandre S Silva,Valdir De Andrade Braga,Nayara M L Massa,Caio V C De Oliveira,Yasmim R F De Sousa

doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00196

Abstract

Nutritional intervention with antioxidants rich foods has been considered a strategy to minimize the effects of overtraining in athletes. This experimental, randomized, and placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of consumption of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on muscle damage markers, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and aerobic performance in male semi-professional soccer players. Twenty athletes were randomly assigned to groups that received 40 g (two tablespoons) per day of sesame or a placebo during 28 days of regular training (exposed to routine training that includes loads of heavy training in the final half of the season). Before and after intervention, creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aerobic capacity were evaluated. Before intervention, a physiologic imbalance was noted in both groups related to CK and LDH levels. Sesame intake caused a reduction of CK (19%, p < 0.05), LDH (37%, p < 0.05), MDA (55%, p < 0.05) and hs-CRP (53%, p < 0.05) and increased SOD (14%, p < 0.05), vitamin A (25%, p < 0.05), and vitamin E (65%, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. These phenomena were accompanied by increased aerobic capacity (17%, p < 0.05). The placebo group showed an increase in CK (5%, p < 0.05) and no significant change in LDH, SOD or vitamin A. MDA levels decreased (21%, p < 0.05) and vitamin E increased (14%, p < 0.05) in the placebo group, but to a much lesser extent than in the experimental group. These results show that sesame consumption may reduce muscle damage and oxidative stress while improving the aerobic capacity in soccer players.

Highlights

To achieve maximum performance, athletes often face highintensity, and/or high-volume physical training loads
If training loads are of high intensity and/or volume or the recovery period is inadequate, there may be an evolution from local muscle inflammation to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which evolves into neuroendocrine and behavioral disorders (Miranda-Vilela et al, 2009)
The aim of this study was to test the effect of a supplementation protocol with white sesame seeds (S. indicum L. cultivar BRS silk) on muscle damage markers, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and aerobic capacity in soccer players exposed to routine training that includes loads of heavy training in the final half of the season

Summary

Introduction

Athletes often face highintensity, and/or high-volume physical training loads Though this workout regime leads to high performance, it can expose athletes to a non-functional risk of overreaching or overtraining. In such situations, an athlete’s body cannot assimilate the training load and will show no improvement in performance or a sharp decline associated with neuroimmune endocrine disorders that affect athletes’ health (Smith, 2004). If training loads are of high intensity and/or volume or the recovery period is inadequate, there may be an evolution from local muscle inflammation to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which evolves into neuroendocrine and behavioral disorders (Miranda-Vilela et al, 2009). Previous studies have shown minimization of muscle fatigue, systemic inflammation (Miranda-Vilela et al, 2009), and oxidative stress (Toscano et al, 2015) in athletes who received nutritional intervention with orange juice, pequifruit pulp oil, or grape juice, foods known for their antioxidant properties

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