Abstract
ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the effects of lipid smoothness on the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques.Approach24 rabbits were divided into three groups randomly. Group 1 was given standard chow diet; group 2 was fed with cholesterol-rich diet; for group 3, subjects were planned to take cholesterol-rich diet at the first phase for 12 weeks and during the second phase, low-fat and cholesterol-rich diet was then applied alternately every three weeks till the end of the experiment. Lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, endothelium functions, pathological and histological changes were examined. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 were measured by immunohistochemical staining.ResultsAccording to data collected during the whole experiment, lipid smoothness index of group 3 was the lowest. Compared with group 2, statistics of the group 3 indicated that: the development of plaques progressed faster; the plaque area and plaque thickness (53.53[22.6]% vs 33.90[24.91]% , 800.38[98.25]µm vs 675.00[109.67]µm) were higher while the fibrous cap thickness (103.50[45.66]µm vs 295.83[97.90]µm) was lower; hs-CRP (0.53[0.07]mg/dL vs 0.45[0.06]mg/dL), interleukin-18 (186.01[8.41]ng/L vs 158.08[2.37]ng/L), OX-LDL (177.15[5.93]µg/L vs 139.57[2.35] µg/L) and endothelin-1 (164.66[9.54]ng/L vs 131.52[4.39]ng/L) were higher while nitric-oxide (22.41[1.69]µmol/L vs 27.23[1.36]µmol/L) was lower; expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (IOD: 37375.87[5634.52] vs 20956.57[4616.93]) and lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (IOD: 45213.04[16653.81] vs 21921.68[6142.32]) were higher.ConclusionsLipids fluctuation could accelerate the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques through worsening arterial endothelium dysfunction and inflammatory reactions.
Highlights
IntroductionRupture and its subsequent thrombosis of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque are responsible for the majority of acute coronary events [3]
Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of coronary heart diseases [1,2]
According to data collected during the whole experiment, lipid smoothness index of group 3 was the lowest
Summary
Rupture and its subsequent thrombosis of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque are responsible for the majority of acute coronary events [3]. It is clear that hyperlipidemia could cause atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Level of some patients’ low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been not elevated or even lower when experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and those patients were previously diagnosed dyslipidemia. It is unknown whether the fluctuation of LDL-C level is one of the factors promoting the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques. We performed the experiment to find out the effects of lipid smoothness on the progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits
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