Abstract
IntroductionSerotonin is highly implicated in the regulation of emotional state and the execution of cognitive tasks, so much so that the serotonin transporter genes (5-HTT, SLC6A4) and the serotonin receptor genes (HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A) have become the perfect candidates when studying the effects that these genes and their polymorphic variations have on depression characteristics. ObjectiveA review of research reports that have studied the effects of variations in the serotonin transporter and receptor genes on different clinical features of depression. MethodsA search of the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases was conducted using the keywords ("depression" AND "polymorphism"). ConclusionsAccording to the review of 54 articles, the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was found to be the most reported risk factor related to the development of depression and its severity. Variations in the genes studied (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR2A) can generate morphological alterations of brain structures.
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