Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of partial replacement of cement with fluidized bed bottom ash on the properties of mortars. The analyzed ash samples originating from four Polish power plants were separated by grain size selection into fine and coarse-grained fractions. This process leads to a creation of derivative samples of differing physical properties and, partially, phase compositions, as tested in XRD and TG analyses. Despite its high water demand, the obtained fine-grained fraction has the potential for application in cementbased composites as a reactive, pozzolanic additive. An acceptable activity index may be reached when the sulfate content is limited, implying benefits of combining the ash with low gypsum cements. The coarse-grained fraction is significantly less reactive, while a high silica and aluminate content is related to improved mechanical properties of the composite. It can, therefore, potentially be used as a quasi-inert additive or a substitute for sand.
Highlights
The share of coal in electricity production in Poland is extensive, exceeding 81% in 2016 [13]
Ashes originating from FBC have not been researched or widely used. This is due to certain properties deemed as disadvantageous in concrete technology such as high variability of composition, high specific surface area, high water demand, irregular grain shape, and high sulfate content [8, 36]
The aim is to assess whether the chosen modification method leads to similar effects on samples of material stemming from different plants, in the context of the well-known exceptionally high variability of physical and chemical characteristics of FBC ashes
Summary
The share of coal in electricity production in Poland is extensive, exceeding 81% in 2016 [13]. The resulting coarse-grained fraction (> 0.1 mm) should be a material characterized by a lower reactivity due to a smaller specific surface area and, potentially, different chemical composition The analysis of both derivative materials can serve as an initial assessment towards a possible utilization of fine fractions as an active additive to composites and coarse fractions as an inert additive or a substitute for aggregate, to, e.g., the studies of Rafieizonooz et al [25] on conventional ashes as well as research by Patra and Mukharjee [18] or Sunil et al [28] on other waste materials. The aim is to assess whether the chosen modification method leads to similar effects on samples of material stemming from different plants, in the context of the well-known exceptionally high variability of physical and chemical characteristics of FBC ashes
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