Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension among women in Korea aged 65 years or older is 61.7%. Past research has emphasized the importance of health-promoting behaviors in hypertension management for the elderly. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the effects of self-efficacy, depression, trait anger, and anger expression on the health-promoting behaviors of elderly women with hypertension. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 208 women aged 65 and older (age range: 65 to 85) diagnosed with hypertension by physicians and living in the communities of G city and N city of Gyeonggi-do in South Korea. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that exercise (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) had the most significant effect on health-promoting behaviors, followed by depression (β = −0.31, p < 0.001), trait anger (β = 0.21, p = 0.002), anger control (β = 0.20, p < 0.001), religion (β = 0.18, p = 0.001), and self-efficacy (β = 0.18, p = 0.003). Trait anger and anger control were identified to have a more significant effect on health-promoting behaviors than self-efficacy. Thus, health-promoting behaviors were influenced by exercise, depression, anger, religion, and self-efficacy. It is necessary to implement a nursing intervention strategy which pays attention to these factors to improve health-promoting behaviors of Korean community-dwelling elderly women.
Highlights
Hypertension is a major cause of early deaths worldwide [1]
This study was conducted to examine the effects of self-efficacy, depression, trait anger, and anger expression styles on the health-promoting behaviors of elderly women with hypertension living in local communities and to provide basic data for the development of a related health promotion program
This study focused on understanding the effect of anger by serially adding variables including self-efficacy, depression, trait anger, and anger expression styles to a regression model and examining the amount of variance in health-promoting behaviors explained by each of these variables
Summary
Hypertension is a major cause of early deaths worldwide [1]. It accounts for the largest proportion of medical costs among all diseases in Korea owing to a rapid increase in the elderly population with the prevalence of hypertension among women aged 65 years or older reported to be 61.7% [2].Hypertension leads to complications such as heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, which eventually cause death.The rates of recognition, treatment, and control of hypertension in Korean patients with hypertension are 65.0%, 61.0%, and 44.0% respectively [3]; the rate of hypertension control inKorea is currently low. Hypertension is a major cause of early deaths worldwide [1]. It accounts for the largest proportion of medical costs among all diseases in Korea owing to a rapid increase in the elderly population with the prevalence of hypertension among women aged 65 years or older reported to be 61.7% [2]. A total of 46.0% patients with hypertension in Korea were aged 65 years or older [4]. The low rate of hypertension control among patients is attributed to the difficulty of hypertension management due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease [4]. It is necessary to help the elderly engage in health-promoting behaviors to consistently control their blood pressure. The importance of a preventive approach that encourages the elderly to engage in health-promoting behaviors and strictly and proactively manage their health has been emphasized [5]
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