Abstract
Purpose To determine the effects of selenium, melatonin, and selenium + melatonin administered for one month on anterior chamber (AC) malondialdehyde (MDA) and AC glutathione (GSH) levels in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients were included in the study. Study groups were formed as follows: (1) control group, (2) ischemia group, (3) selenium + ischemia group, (4) melatonin + ischemia group, and (5) selenium + melatonin + ischemia group. AC samples were obtained. MDA and GSH levels in AC samples were evaluated. Results MDA levels were significantly increased in ischemia groups. Selenium and melatonin supplementation resulted in reduction of MDA levels and significant increase in GSH values. Discussion Increased lipid peroxidation associated with ischemia of the anterior segment has been prevented by selenium and melatonin supplementation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04005222.
Highlights
Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) comprises a spectrum of ocular characteristics caused by arterial hypoperfusion of the eye. e condition manifests visual deterioration, pain, and diverse signs of both the anterior and the posterior segments as well as abnormalities in other ophthalmic artery supplied orbital structures. e main cause of OIS is carotid artery stenosis [1]
Patients who presented with the clinical features of OIS or who had a history of OIS and who had visited the Department of Ophthalmology or who were referred by the Department of Cardiology were considered for inclusion. e patients of OIS were included according to the following criteria [21, 22]: (1) when the stenosis of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) was >50% and the ICA blood flow velocity was abnormal and (2) when there were abnormal ocular symptoms and/or signs that could not be explained by other ocular diseases. e ocular symptoms included amaurosis fugax, visual loss, floaters, metamorphopsia, phosphenes, diplopia, and ocular/periorbital pain
E anterior chamber (AC) GSH values detected in study groups were as follows: control group, 0.42 ± 0.05; ischemia group, 0.15 ± 0.01; selenium + ischemia group, 0.52 ± 0.03; melatonin + ischemia group, 0.48 ± 0.08; and selenium + melatonin + ischemia group, 0.59 ± 0.02
Summary
Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) comprises a spectrum of ocular characteristics caused by arterial hypoperfusion of the eye. e condition manifests visual deterioration, pain, and diverse signs of both the anterior and the posterior segments as well as abnormalities in other ophthalmic artery supplied orbital structures. e main cause of OIS is carotid artery stenosis [1]. When reactive oxygen species formed exceed the required concentrations, they cause damage to macromolecules including cell organelles, membrane lipids, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and proteins [10]. Reactive oxygen species produce lipid peroxidase products, especially malondialdehyde (MDA), through reaction with unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in cell membranes. E resulting lipid peroxidation of free radicals acting on unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane can lead to an increase in membrane permeability which may cause cell death [11]. Ischemia-reperfusion damage process based on generation of reactive oxygen species mediated by lipid peroxidation can be measured using products such as MDA [13]. Generation of free radicals, referred to as reactive oxygen species, has been stabilized by many molecular and enzymatic antioxidants. E aim of this study was to determine the effects of selenium and melatonin administered for one month alone or in combination on lipid peroxidation in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome
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