Abstract
The effects of five salt ingredients of sea water, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and MgSO4, on induction of cell prolif-eration in Sonneratia caseolaris were investigated. Proliferation was examined in tissue explants derived from such as leaves, cotyledons, and hypocotyls using a small-scale liquid culture method. Addition of 12.5-25 mM of MgCl2 was unique in stimulating cell proliferation in all tissues of S. caseolaris. Otherwise, different effects of salts were observed among the three tissues. In hypocotyl culture, 25-50 mM of NaCl and CaCl2 stimulated cell divisions. Tolerance to 100 mM of MgSO4 was observed in leaves. Three osmotically active compounds commonly used in tissue culture, sorbitol, mannitol and glycinebetaine, were also tested to assess the importance of osmotic effects on cell proliferation. No significant stimulation by these was observed over a wide range of concentrations. Data were compared with those of cotyledon cultures of another mangrove, S. alba, which exhibits no stimulation by MgCl2, stimulation by KCl and tolerance to NaCl. Mechanisms for adaptation of mangrove plants to various and high salts were discussed by comparing the differences in reaction to salts in cultures of two Sonneratia mangrove species of the same genera growing different salt environment.
Highlights
Mangrove plants are mainly tree species that grow in tropical and subtropical brackish coastal regions
In the liquid culture of S. caseolaris, cell proliferation was observed at the cut surface of sections under an inverted microscope (Figures 1(a)-(c))
Concentrations of MgCl2, from 12.5 to 100 mM, increased cell proliferation approximately 2-3-fold over the control, while no clear stimulation was observed by KCl, NaCl and CaCl2
Summary
Mangrove plants are mainly tree species that grow in tropical and subtropical brackish coastal regions. Clarifying salt-tolerant mechanisms in cell and tissue culture systems of mangrove plants, and introduction of their characteristics through somatic hybridization or genetic transformation into crop species are interesting themes to investigate. Mangrove plants offer both theoretical and biotechnological potential for improving plant growth in high salt environments, information on their physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology remains limited. The effects of four main salt ingredients of sea water on S. alba were investigated and its halophilic nature and tolerance to NaCl were determined They were compared with suspension cultures of B. sexangula, and tobacco BY-2 cells [12].
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