Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have observed low levels of physical activity in children and adolescents worldwide. Physical activity interventions are increasingly carried out to counteract this development. The school environment is an ideal setting for such interventions to take place as large numbers of children and adolescents can be addressed. With the assumption that motivation is the key to initiate and sustain beneficial health behaviors, theory-based intervention studies apply motivational strategies to increase students’ participation in physical activity. The main objective of this systematic review will be to analyze the effects of school-based physical activity interventions on a variety of motivational outcomes towards physical activity in school-aged children and adolescents.MethodsComprehensive literature searches will be conducted in multiple electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC, PSYNDEX, Physical Education Index, and SPORTDiscus. We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies examining the effects of school-based physical activity interventions (e.g., physical activity components during school lessons including physical education, or during morning, lunch and afternoon breaks). Primarily extracurricular physical activity interventions will not be considered. The primary outcomes will be students’ motivation, basic psychological needs, goal orientation, enjoyment, and motivational teaching climate in physical education. Secondary outcomes will be the students’ physical activity behaviors in-class, during school, and in leisure time. Only peer-reviewed articles published in English will be considered. Three reviewers will independently screen all citations and full-text articles, and two reviewers will abstract data. The quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for RCTs and the GRADE methodology will be used to assess the certainty of the body of retreived evidence.DiscussionIn order to increase and maintain physical activity levels in children and adolescents, motivation towards physical activity should be sustained. It is anticipated that the results of this systematic review will provide information as to which strategies implemented in the school setting are effective in increasing students’ motivation towards physical activity, and hence increase their physical activity during school and after-school hours.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42018110306
Highlights
Recent studies have observed low levels of physical activity in children and adolescents worldwide
This systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews and prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement [31] (Additional file 1)
Eligibility criteria This systematic review will include any randomized controlled trial as well as quasi-experimental trial examining the effects of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions on motivation towards PA
Summary
This systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number CRD42018110306) and prepared in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement [31] (Additional file 1). Eligibility criteria This systematic review will include any randomized controlled trial (parallel group or cluster-randomized) as well as quasi-experimental trial examining the effects of school-based PA interventions on motivation towards PA. Outcomes of interest Primary outcomes of interest include: students’ intrinsic and extrinsic, amotivation, basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness), goal orientations, enjoyment, and the motivational climate in PE (task or performance climate). The studies had to report at least one of these outcomes quantified using questionnaires, e.g., the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) [33], Learning and Performance Orientations in PE Classes Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ) [34], or Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) [35]. The search will include a broad range of terms and keywords related to children/adolescents, school-based interventions, physical activity, and motivation (Table 1). Motivation; intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation; amotivation; basic psychological needs; motivational climate; enjoyment
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