Abstract
The residence time distribution (RTD) curve is widely applied to describe the fluid flow in a tundish, different tracer mass concentrations and different tracer volumes give different residence time distribution curves for the same flow field. Thus, it is necessary to have a deep insight into the effects of the mass concentration and the volume of tracer solution on the residence time distribution curve. In order to describe the interaction between the tracer and the fluid, solute buoyancy is considered in the Navier–Stokes equation. Numerical results show that, with the increase of the mass concentration and the volume of the tracer, the shape of the residence time distribution curve changes from single flat peak to single sharp peak and then to double peaks. This change comes from the stratified flow of the tracer. Furthermore, the velocity difference number is introduced to demonstrate the importance of the density difference between the tracer and the fluid.
Highlights
The residence time distribution (RTD) curve is widely applied to describe the fluid flow in a tundish, different tracer mass concentrations and different tracer volumes give different residence time distribution curves for the same flow field
In order to have a deep insight into the effect of tracer mass concentration on the flow field, a dimensionless number, δ, is introduced to reveal the effect of the solute buoyancy
The numerical result is validated by water model experiment and industrial data
Summary
A water model is used for validation. The water model is made of plexiglass. The tundish is a single-strand tundish with a dam. Because there is no hole in the dam, the short-circuit flow should not appear in the current case. NaCl solution is applied as the tracer in the water model. The electrical conductivity at the tundish exit is monitored and the related data are saved continuously in a personal computer. The plot of the tracer concentration at the tundish exit against the time is the RTD curve
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