Abstract
Aim of study: In most areas of vineyards worldwide, cultivars are frequently grafted on specific rootstocks to avoid Daktulosphaira vitifoliae pest attack. Nevertheless, the absence of this pest in Canary Islands allowed the chance to conserve and cultivate traditional or new own-rooted genotypes without the requirement of the rootstocks. To investigate the responses of own-rooted genotypes of Vitis vinifera L. to salt stress conditions, ‘Castellana Negra’ (‘CN’) and ‘Negramoll’ (‘Ne’) were used with the aim to characterize their morphological and physiological responses.Area of study: Canary Islands, Spain.Material and methods: The effects of NaCl stress on growth, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and proline were assessed in ‘CN’ and ‘Ne’ under greenhouse conditions.Main results: In ‘CN’, the decrease of leaf number in stressed plants was lower and started eleven days later than in ‘Ne’. Salt stress also reduced stomatal conductance (gs), although such decrease took place earlier in ‘CN’ than in ‘Ne’. ABA and SA concentrations in ‘CN’ leaves were 2-fold higher than those of ‘Ne’. Salt stress increased leaf ABA and SA content in both genotypes, compared to control. In conclusion, ABA and SA appear to be involved in grapevines responses to salinity and suggest that exogenous SA could be useful to mitigate the stress impacts.Research highlights: ‘CN’ exhibited a better response than ‘Ne’ through the delay of salt injury establishment, and the dissimilar responses between ‘CN’ and ‘Ne’ seem to be associated to the higher accumulation of ABA and SA under salt stress.
Highlights
Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) often grow in semiarid areas subjected to serious problems of drought and salinity (Cramer et al, 2007)
NaCl (80 mM) treatment significantly reduced the number of leaves about 25% (17 days after treatment (DAT)) and 39% (28 DAT) compared to control, and that decrease reached 52% at the end of the experiment (39 DAT) in ‘Ne’ (Fig. 1a)
NaCl treatment significantly reduced the number of leaves in ‘Ne’ from 28 DAT, and such decrease reached 52% at the end of the experiment (39 DAT) compared to control
Summary
Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) often grow in semiarid areas subjected to serious problems of drought and salinity (Cramer et al, 2007). This species has been considered moderately sensitive to salt stress (Downton et al, 1990; Prior et al, 1992; Stevens et al, 1999), and it has been described that salinity induces a decrease of net CO2 assimilation, leaf expansion, organ dry matter, whole plant growth, and berry development expressed as bunch number, small size, and yield (Downton et al, 1990; Fisarakis et al, 2001; Walker et al, 2008). Plants tend to adjust their osmotic potential through a process involving various osmolytes, such as amino acids, sugars, organic and inorganic acids, etc. (Hasegawa et al, 2000; Munns, 2002)
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