Abstract
Samaria-doped ceria (SDC)/carbonate composite electrolytes were developed for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SDC powders were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method and used as the matrix phase. Binary alkaline carbonates were selected as the second phase, including (Li–Na) 2CO 3, (Li–K) 2CO 3 and (Na–K) 2CO 3. AC conductivity measurements showed that the conductivities in air atmosphere depended on the salt composition. A sharp conductivity jump appeared at 475 °C and 450 °C for SDC/(Li–Na) 2CO 3 and SDC/(Li–K) 2CO 3, respectively. However, the conductivities of SDC/(Na–K) 2CO 3 increase linearly with temperature. Single cells based on above composite electrolytes were fabricated by dry-pressing and tested in hydrogen/air at 500–600 °C. A maximum power density of 600, 550 and 550 mW cm −2 at 600 °C was achieved with SDC/(Li–Na) 2CO 3, SDC/(Li–K) 2CO 3 and SDC/(Na–K) 2CO 3 composite electrolyte, respectively, which we attribute to high ionic conductivities of these composite electrolytes in fuel cell atmosphere. We discuss the conduction mechanisms of SDC/carbonate composite electrolytes in different atmospheres according to defect chemistry theory.
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