Effects of salicylic acid, humic acid, and EDTA chelate on the increasing Pb concentration in the barley inoculated with PGPR

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of salicylic acid (SA), humic acid (HA), and EDTA chelate on the increasing Pb concentration in a plant inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Treatments consisted of applying two levels of EDTA (0 (EDTA0) and 3 (EDTA3) mmol/kg soil) and soil application of HA (0 (HA0) and 200 (HA200) mg/kg soil). In addition, foliar application of SA at the rates of 0 (SA0) and 1.5 (SA1.5) mmol/lit was also sprayed on the inoculated plant with and without PGPR cultivated in the Pb-polluted soil. After 9 weeks, barley plants were harvested and plant Pb concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The soil Pb concentration and plant Pb biomass was also measured. The least significant difference (LSD) test was used to determine the differences between the means (P=0.05). The results indicated that application of HA or EDTA had significantly (P=0.05) increased the Pb phytoremediation efficiency, as, applying 3 mmol EDTA/kg soil increased the Pb phytoremediation efficiency by 14.1%. In addition, a significant increasing (P=0.05) in plant biomass and Pb phytoremediation efficiency was observed by 12.2 and 13.6%, respectively, in the inoculated plant cultivated in the soil that received the greatest rates of EDTA and HA together with the highest rate of SA foliar application. Plant growth regulators such as SA or humic acid can increase plant resistance to Pb toxicity and help to increase Pb phytoremediation efficiency that is important in environmental studies.