Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the diets that contain safflower oil and fish oil as lipid sources, on growth, feed conversion and body composition in turbot (Psetta maxima). Two iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets (55 % protein and 14 % lipid) were prepared that include 100 % fish oil (FO group) and 100 % safflower oil (SFO group) for turbots with average weight of 62.21 ± 1.28 g, and fish were fed with these diets for 104 days. At the end of the experiment, the weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were the highest in SFO group than in FO group (p < 0.05). Fatty acid composition of fish body reflected the fatty acid composition determined in the experimental diets. The amounts of palmitic acid (PA; C16:0), oleic acid (OA; C18:1n-9), linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) were dominant fatty acids in fish body. It was confirmed that the usage of safflower oil instead of fish oil in turbot feed did not generate any negative effects on growth, feed conversion and the values regarding the growth performance.
Highlights
One of the basic dietary ingredients containing high energy in fish feeds for carnivorous marine fish is fish oil, because of its high digestibility and sufficient content of essential fatty acids (EFA), in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Nasopoulou and Zabetakis 2012)
It was confirmed that the usage of safflower oil instead of fish oil in turbot feed did not generate any negative effects on growth, feed conversion and the values regarding the growth performance
The diet of SFO group was characterized by having increased proportions of 18:1n-9, and reduced proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA; 24:1) and n-3 PUFA (22:6n-3) compared to diet of FO group (Table 2)
Summary
One of the basic dietary ingredients containing high energy in fish feeds for carnivorous marine fish is fish oil, because of its high digestibility and sufficient content of essential fatty acids (EFA), in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Nasopoulou and Zabetakis 2012). The supply of fish oil is limited and their cost is continuously increasing, Aquacult Int (2014) 22:597–605 affecting feeding costs and total production costs in aquaculture. For this reason, many researches have been carried out in order to evaluate the alternative lipid sources as potential substitutes in fish diets (Tacon and Jackson 1985; Richard et al 2006). By substituting feeds with plant oils, it serves to reduce costs due to the fact that vegetable oil sources have continuously increasing production and better economic value. Several studies are carried out to investigate certain vegetable oils as possible sustainable partial or total substitutes for fish oil in fish feeds. Soybean and rapeseed oil are considered most possible alternative lipid sources for fresh water and marine fish since they are rich in PUFAs, especially linoleic acid (18:2n-6), but devoid of n-3 PUFA (Mourente et al 2005)
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