Abstract
(1) Background: The ratio of railway tunnel to line is larger, which produces tunnel entrance and exit effect, aerodynamic resistance, and sudden pressure changes. When the train passes through the tunnels at high-speed, the interaction between the pantograph on it and its surrounding air intensifies and the coupling effects between the pantograph and tunnel become more significant; (2) Methods: A coupling method between aerodynamics and multi-body dynamics is proposed based on hybrid meshing and grid motion. The layered grid motion method is combined with the viscous mesh deformation method with swift, effective data exchange. The significant coupling effects between the pantograph and tunnel are revealed; (3) Results: The influence laws and evolution mechanism of running speed as it affects important service characteristics and behaviors of the pantograph are accurately quantified. Noteworthy factors include the temporal characteristics of panhead aerodynamic lift, the contact force between the pantograph and catenary, vertical displacement and acceleration of the contact strip, the phase diagram of the contact strip, and various frequency-domain characteristics. The action mechanism of running speed on the coupling effect between the pantograph and tunnel is comprehensively and accurately revealed by the proposed method; (4) Conclusions: The larger service characteristics amplitudes of the high-speed pantograph appear at low frequencies and are not multiple frequencies of the basic frequency. By comparisons, the coupling calculation results are closer to the test results than the non-coupling results regardless of the maximum, minimum, or mean.
Highlights
Considering the coupling of aerodynamics and multi-body dynamics, the dynamic response of the pantograph was calculated as the train passed through the tunnel at speeds of 280 km/h, 320 km/h, 360 km/h, 400 km/h and 420 km/h to evaluate the influence of running speed on the coupling effect of the pantograph and tunnel
Taking 280 km/h as the benchmark, the ratios are 5.91% and 6.28%, respectively; the minimum values decrease to greater extent at ratios of 29.85% and 13.32%, respectively. These changes are detrimental to the stable contact between the pantograph and catenary and in practice could separate them
A new coupling method between aerodynamics and multi-body dynamics was established in this study to evaluate the significant interaction between a pantograph and its surrounding air as a high-speed train passes a tunnel
Summary
Rapid and extensive socio-economic development, climate change, and energy resource shortages have accelerated the speed and intensified the load characteristics of electrified railway transportation systems across the globe. Requirements for the relationship between the pantograph and catenary are growing increasingly strict. The traveling wind forms a stronger air current. The rods of the pantograph are regarded as blunt bodies in the flow field. A complex flow field is formed by air flowing around the blunt bodies. Chinese train tunnels account for relatively large line proportions and complex wave systems which subject the pantograph to a high-speed turbulence vortex
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