Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy herds, and staphylococci are the most important etiologic agents of this disease. Antibiotics and chemical agents used in livestock for prevention and cure of the disease can accumulate in milk and give rise to food safety concerns. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract was studied as an alternative approach to reduce the bacterial infections. The ethanolic extract of this plant demonstrated antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 16–64 μg/mL against staphylococcal isolates. In addition, the extract had an effect on the bacterial cell surface properties by increasing its hydrophobicity in a concentration dependent manner. To further extend the antibacterial efficacy, silver nanoparticles synthesized with the extract, a pure rhodomyrtone, and liposomal encapsulated rhodomyrtone were applied and their inhibitory effects on bacterial adhesion and invasion were determined by ex vivo study in a bovine udder epidermal tissue model. These agents exerted remarkable antibacterial activity against staphylococci and decreased the adhesion of the bacterial cells to the tissues. These results supported that R. tomentosa ethanolic extract could be applied as an alternative agent for bovine udder care in dairy farms.
Highlights
Bovine mastitis is one of the main food safety concerns in dairy industries worldwide
The R. tomentosa ethanolic extract (REE) possessed strong antibacterial activity against all tested staphylococcal isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values that ranged from 16–64 μg/mL and 32–128 μg/mL, respectively (Table 1)
Rhodomyrtone itself had a profound antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values that ranged from 0.5–1 μg/mL and 1–2 μg/mL, respectively, which is close to the activity of vancomycin
Summary
Bovine mastitis is one of the main food safety concerns in dairy industries worldwide. The plant has been commercially used for treatment of urinary tract infections [9] This plant species has been reported to possess antibacterial activity against a number of foodborne pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus [10], Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtili, and B. cereus [11,12]. The objectives of the present research were to study the effects of R. tomentosa extract on staphylococcal cell surfaces and bacterial adhesion and invasion through ex vivo study using the bovine udder epidermal tissue model. The use of various agents, including rhodomyrtone, silver nanoparticles, and liposomal mediated delivery system were studied for their antibacterial activity and inhibitory effects against bacterial adhesion and invasion, in order to improve the potential use of this plant extract for treating bovine mastitis
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