Abstract
The farinograph and mixograph are the most commonly used empirical instruments to determine three parameters: 1) characterize dough rheology; 2) evaluate dough performance during processing; 3) and quality control. Maize, chickpea, and soybean flours ranging from 10% to 50% (in 10% increments) were blended with wheat flour to prepare composite flours for rheological studies. Mixographic results indicated that as flour percentages increased among treatments, peak times and mixing tolerance indices increased. Farinographic results indicated that as flour percentages increased, an increase in water absorption with a concurrent decrease in development and dough stability times due to less gluten content occurred.
Highlights
The marine environment is one of the most complex ecosystems with an enormous diversity of marine organisms living in close associations
The collected marine sponge samples were identified as Halichondria glabrata (Dendy), Sigmadocia petrosioides (Dendy) and Pseudosuberitus andrewsi (Kirkpatrick) at Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Chennai by acid digestion method (Pallela et al, 2011).All the three specimen of marine sponges belonged to three different families i.e. Halichondriidae, Chalinidae and Suberitidae resp
Even it was isolated from a sponge, its component parts clearly indicated it to be of bacterial origin, and very likely via bacterial biosynthesis (Costantino et al, 2012).Hopanoids have been reported to control membrane fluidity and diminish passive diffusion of ions
Summary
The marine environment is one of the most complex ecosystems with an enormous diversity of marine organisms living in close associations. Most of the marine sponge’s porous body harbor dense and highly diverse microbial communities These bacteria generally belong to phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospira, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria as well as both major lineages of Archaea and a range of unicellular eukaryotes such as diatoms and dinoflagellates. These microbes are often specific to sponges, with many microbial phylotypes appearing to live exclusively within sponge hosts and not in the surrounding seawater (Schmitt et al, 2008). Several researchers have attempted to culture microorganisms from invertebrates with hope of obtaining bioactive invertebrate metabolites These attempts have been successful in discovering novel natural products with rare demonstration of the presence of sponge metabolites in the microbial isolates. With the aim of finding new bioactive compounds from marine sponge associated microorganisms, we investigated Halichondria glabrata associated
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