Effects of Resveratrol in Goto-Kakizaki Rat, a Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Katarzyna Szkudelska,Iwona Hertig,Tomasz Szkudelski,Marianna Tyczewska,Tatiana Wojciechowicz,Marzanna Deniziak,Magdalena Jaroszewska

doi:10.3390/nu11102488

Abstract

Resveratrol exhibits a pleiotropic, favorable action under various pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes. However, its anti-diabetic effects in animal models and human trials have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol is capable of inducing beneficial changes in the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous model of diabetes, which in several aspects is similar to type 2 diabetes in humans. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated intragastrically with resveratrol (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 10 weeks. Then, a glucose tolerance test was performed and levels of some adipokines in blood were measured. Moreover, lipid contents in skeletal muscle and liver tissues, along with the expression and phosphorylation of pivotal enzymes (AMP—activated protein kinase—AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase—ACC, protein kinase B—Akt) in these tissues were determined. Histology of pancreatic islets was also compared. GK rats non-treated with resveratrol displayed a marked glucose intolerance and had increased lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, upregulation of the expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, ACC and Akt was shown in the muscle tissue of GK rats. Those rats also had an abnormal structure of pancreatic islets compared with control animals. However, treatment with resveratrol improved glucose tolerance and prevented lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle of GK rats. This effect was associated with a substantial normalization of expression and phosphorylation of ACC and Akt. In GK rats subjected to resveratrol therapy, the structure of pancreatic islets was also clearly improved. Moreover, blood adiponectin and leptin levels were partially normalized by resveratrol in GK rats. It was revealed that resveratrol ameliorates key symptoms of diabetes in GK rats. This compound improved glucose tolerance, which was largely linked to beneficial changes in skeletal muscle. Resveratrol also positively affected pancreatic islets. Our new findings show that resveratrol has therapeutic potential in GK rats.

Highlights

Resveratrol (3,5,40 -trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally-occurring diphenolic compound present in different plant species
Resveratrol no significant influence on bodythat weight loading was highly increased in diabetic animals compared with Sprague–Dawley in glycemia any of the investigated groups
We demonstrated that expression activity of AMPK as well as its Western

Summary

Introduction

Resveratrol (3,5,40 -trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally-occurring diphenolic compound present in different plant species. It belongs to a biologically active agents raising huge interest due to its pleiotropic, health-promoting effects that have been shown under various pathological conditions. Resveratrol is present in red wine and is thought to be one of the key polyphenols responsible. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2488 for the so-called “French paradox”, i.e., a reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease in humans as a result of moderate consumption of red wine [1]. Its action in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [8]. It is believed that this compound positively affects metabolism and energy expenditure, thereby reducing adiposity and adiposity-related metabolic disorders [6]

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