Abstract
The performance of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) Device-to-Device (D2D) direct discovery process in out-of-coverage scenarios (Mode 2) is examined as a function of the predefined pool of time- frequency resources. Individual discovery periods are modeled as an ALOHA like protocol with Medium Access Control (MAC) layer collisions and either a half-duplex or a suggested Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) User Equipment (UE), the performance of which is compared. A simulation framework is described using the open source network simulator NS-3 and then performance of the discovery process evaluated as a function of the size of the resource pool and UE density. We provide a formulation for the number of discoveries made in one period and propose a heuristic for the choice of resource pool size based on the number of UE in discovery.
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