Effects of Resistance Training on Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Skeletal Muscles and Blood Circulation During Aging

Ivo V De Sousa Neto,Rita De Cássia Marqueti,Jonato Prestes,João L Q Durigan,Heloisa S Selistre De Araujo,Vinicius Guzzoni,Ramires A Tibana

doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00190

Ivo V De Sousa Neto, Rita De Cássia Marqueti + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00190

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Abstract

Aging is a complex, multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of deleterious effects, including biochemical adaptations of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in skeletal muscles and, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the blood circulation of young and old rats. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): young sedentary (YS); young trained (YT), old sedentary (OS), and old trained (OT). The stair climbing RT consisted of one training session every 2 other day, with 8–12 dynamic movements per climb. The animals were euthanized 48 h after the end of the experimental period. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was measured by zymography. There was higher active MMP-2 activity in the lateral gastrocnemius and flexor digitorum profundus muscles in the OT group when compared to the OS, YS, and YT groups (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there was higher active MMP-2 activity in the medial gastrocnemius muscle in the OT group when compared to the YS and YT groups (p ≤ 0.001). The YS group presented lower active MMP-2 activity in the soleus muscle than the YT, OS, OT groups (p ≤ 0.001). With respect to active MMP-2/9 activity in the bloodstream, the OT group displayed significantly reduced activity (p ≤ 0.001) when compared to YS and YT groups. In conclusion, RT up-regulates MMP-2 activity in aging muscles, while down-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the blood circulation, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for the maintenance of ECM remodeling.

Highlights

Aging is a complex, multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of deleterious changes at the cellular level in multiple systems, including skeletal muscles, which promotes the loss of muscle mass and deterioration of physiological function (Joanisse et al, 2016)
The active matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 activity is modified by age status, which showed an increased in the old sedentary (OS) and old trained (OT) groups when compared to young sedentary (YS) and young trained (YT) groups (p = 0.001; Figure 1B)
The results revealed that resistance training (RT) up-regulated MMP-2 activity in skeletal muscle of young and old rats

Summary

Introduction

Multifactorial process characterized by the accumulation of deleterious changes at the cellular level in multiple systems, including skeletal muscles, which promotes the loss of muscle mass and deterioration of physiological function (Joanisse et al, 2016) Among these deleterious changes, are the increase in collagen concentration and the emergence of cross-links. The ECM remodeling in skeletal muscles depends on the MMP action, MMP2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B), which promote morphogenesis, and angiogenesis (Carmeli et al, 2004; Deus et al, 2012) These enzymes stimulate the release of local growth factors in skeletal muscles (Heinemeier et al, 2009), the proliferation, differentiation and migration of satellite cells following damage (Kjaer, 2004) and local connective tissue homeostasis (Chen and Li, 2009). It has been demonstrated that MMPs can orchestrate the transmigration of inflammatory cells from the blood circulation to the site of inflammation in skeletal muscle by processing ECM components (Parks et al, 2004; Nissinen and Kahari, 2014)

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