Effects of replacing fish meal with a blend of corn gluten meal and meat meal on the growth, biochemical profile, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, and innate immunity of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)

Abstract

This study assessed the impact of replacing fish meal (FM) with a blend of corn gluten meal and meat meal (BCM) at a ratio of 1:2 on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, and nonspecific immune response of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). Seven experimental diets were formulated. The control (BCM0) diet contained 65% FM. Subsequently, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% FM in BCM0 diet were replaced with BCM, referred to as the BCM10, BCM20, BCM30, BCM40, BCM50 and BCM60, respectively. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 rockfish (initial body weight: 3.6 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The BCM0–BCM50 diets resulted in no significant differences in final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), whereas the BCM60 diet led to the lowest FBW, WG, and SGR. The feed consumption and feed efficiency of rockfish fed BCM10–BCM50 diets did not differ significantly from those of rockfish fed the BCM0 diet. Intestinal trypsin and lipase activities showed a linear decrease with increasing substitution levels of BCM in the experimental diets. Moisture levels increased with elevated BCM replacement in diets, whereas crude protein and lipid levels decreased with increased BCM replacement. Whole-body amino acid profiles of rockfish, except for glycine and proline content, were not significantly affected by diet. However, lysozyme and catalase activities exhibited quadratic responses to increasing dietary BCM levels, and superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content showed a negative linear response. Overall, these results show that a blend of corn gluten meal and meat meal can replace up to 50% of dietary FM without adversely affecting the growth performance of juvenile rockfish.