Effects of Renewable Energy and Accessibility on Household’s Fuel Choices: A Case Study in Kenya

Stephen K Kimutai ,H K Kiriamiti ,D J Snelder

doi:10.7176/jetp/9-7-04

Abstract

Regardless of the efforts to encourage the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and biogas in developing countries, their adoption and use is still low especially in Kenya. The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of renewable energy and accessibility on household fuel choices in Kenya among households in rural and peri-urban areas. Random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 199 households in the county of Uasin Gishu. Data for the study were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using different quantitative and qualitative statistical procedures and methods. Analysis reveals that rural households are still dependent largely on kerosene and electricity for lighting their houses and majorly firewood for cooking, while electricity and charcoal form a major source of energy for lighting and cooking in peri-urban households respectively. A small portion of households in rural (11.6%) and peri-urban (12.9%) use biogas energy for cooking. The results also shows negative association between the use of renewable energy and the use of conventional household energy sources for cooking (firewood, kerosene and charcoal) and lighting (kerosene) implying reduction in deforestation, indoor pollution and dependency on imported fuels. Further, it was found that there is positive association between accessibility and the type of fuel used at household level for cooking indicating that nearness to diverse supplying shops selling fuel is positively associated with household energy changing behaviour. The effects of renewable energy will reduce the use of conventional fuels and household’s energy diversification while accessibility on the other hand increases household fuel choices. The finding offers insights that could increase the uptake of renewable energy and reduce the problems associated with traditional fuels. Keywords: Household energy, renewable energy, accessibility, cooking and lighting DOI : 10.7176/JETP/9-7-04 Publication date :October 31 st 2019

Highlights

Even though there are several initiatives promoting the use of renewable energy sources, analysis of its effects on the use as alternative energy sources and accessibility of household energy sources are limited especially in Kenya (Sarkodie & Adom, 2018)
3.1 Trends of household energy utilization 3.1.1 Pattern of household energy use for cooking Figure 1 presents reports the percentage of households by sources of energy for cooking by households
The proportion of households that use charcoal, LPG and kerosene decline from 73.7%, 39.3% and 54.5% to 51.6%, 29.4 and 28.9% respectively as we move from Peri-urban to rural

Summary

Introduction

Even though there are several initiatives promoting the use of renewable energy sources, analysis of its effects on the use as alternative energy sources and accessibility of household energy sources are limited especially in Kenya (Sarkodie & Adom, 2018). Many people are not aware of the health and environmental effects of using charcoal, kerosene and firewood and those with little understanding have challenges of accessibility Use of these conventional energy sources especially kerosene is implicated as a causal agent of respiratory diseases. Other diseases associated with conventional fuels include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cancer of the nasopharynx and larynx, tuberculosis, prenatal conditions, low birth weight, and diseases of the eye such as cataract and blindness. It is imperative that urgent interventions are needed, to ensure fuel accessibility and lay the foundation for the improvement of livelihood through use of renewable energy. Renewable energy (RE) technologies play an important role in addressing the challenge of achieving environmental sustainability by providing the opportunity to meet the energy needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own energy needs (Surie, 2017)

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