Effects of relative humidity and high temperature on spore germination and development of tomato powdery mildew ( Leveillula taurica)

Abstract

The effects of relative humidity (RH) and temperature on tomato powdery mildew ( Leveillula taurica) were studied in controlled environments to define conditions that affect disease development in fresh market tomatoes in California. Gradients of RH (20–90%) at constant temperatures (20–30°C) were generated in single growth chambers to determine their effect on mildew development on mature tomato plants. Temperatures of 30°C and above were deleterious for spore germination, germ tube elongation, and disease development. Lesion growth and rate of disease progress were significantly higher at 20°C than at 25°C. Low RH levels (20–40%) reduced spore germination and lesion growth, accelerated host tissue death and reduced disease progress. Intermediate RH levels (50–70%) increased spore germination and optimized disease development, provided temperatures were maintained within favorable limits. High RH levels (80–90%) were favorable for spore germination but continued exposure to these conditions led to a limited lesion growth and disease progress. Short daily periods (two or three daily exposures of at least 2 h) of high temperatures (35°C) suppressed disease development by 70–92%.